final  examination  review:

FINAL EXAM REVIEW

 

CHAPTER 24 - NORTHERN TRANSATLANTIC ECONOMY AND SOCIETY, 1815–1914
European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans: 

·         Know how the Industrial Revolution spread across the mainland of Europe. In what ways did the Railroad facilitate the Industrial Revolution in Europe 

·         Be able to describe the ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed European Society. How did life change? What were some of the demographic changes discussed in the text as well as in class? 

·         Know the trends in population and demographics during the latter decades of the 19th Century.  What led to these demographic trends? 

·         What is proletarianization?  Know the meaning of the term proletarianization as it applied to later-nineteenth-century workers and businesses 

·         Know the ways in which changes in markets affected artisans and craft organizations 

·         The working class Proletariat developed during this time.  Know what conditions were like among the working classes?  i.e. their lifestyle, values, mores, living conditions, working conditions.  How were women and children affected by the development of the Proletariat/Industrial Society? 

·         Understand what led to the rise in crime and efforts to combat this. 

·         What was the Middle Class (Bourgeoisie)?  Be able to describe their lifestyles, values, mores and ideals.

·         What role did “Classical Economics” play in the development of European society between 1832 and 1850? Who were some of the Classical Economic philosophers and what did they advocate? How and why was the Middle Class able to use Classical Economics to their justification?  

 Nineteenth-Century European Women: 

·         What social and legal disabilities did European women confront in the nineteenth century? 

·         Understand the impact of the industrial economy on the home and family lives of women 

·         What were the legal and social disabilities that affected most nineteenth-century European women?

·         What issues did women face during the late 19th Century?  What gains did women make?  What were the differences between working class women and middle class women?  

·         Understand the rise of a political feminist movement in response to women’s situation. 

 Jewish Emancipation: 

·         How did emancipation affect Jewish life in Europe outside of Russia? 

·         Know the process of Jewish emancipation in nineteenth-century Europe 

·         Understand the threats to their improved status that Jews began to face from the 1870s onward 

 European Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I: 

·         Why did Marxism become so influential among European socialists? 

·         Why did European workers turned to trade unions and political participation after the Revolutions of 1848?

·         Socialism arose as a response to the rise of the Industrial Society and Classical Economic theory. Know the variations of Socialism including the one discussed in your text?  i.e. Utopian Socialism, Anarchism and Marxism  

·         What were the main points of Marxist socialism? 

·         What was the impact of socialism in British and Germany politics? 

·         Know the development of the Bolshevik party in Russia 

 North America and the New Industrial Economy: 

·         How did industrialization in the United States differ from industrialization in Europe? 

·         What was the importance of European investment and immigration in North America’s industrial economy? 

·         Know the impact of labor unions and the limited appeal of socialism in American labor 

·         Understand what led to the rise of the Progressive Movement as a response to American political and economic problems 

 The Emergence of Modern European Thought: 

·         Who were some of the intellectuals at the forefront of modern European thought? 

·         What were the basic ideas promoted by Charles Darwin and their interpretations and impact? 

·         Understand the major advances in late-nineteenth-century physics 

·         What were Freud’s contributions to psychiatry?

·         Know Nietzsche and the Übermensch. 

 Islam and Late-Nineteenth-Century European Thought: 

·         What were some influential views on the relationship between Islam and the West? 

·         What difficulties did European thinkers had in understanding Islam and its role in the modern world? 

·         What were the Islamic responses to Western criticism of Islam? 

TERMS:
Emmeline Pankhurst 
proletarianization 
“Square Deal” 
Mensheviks 
soviets 
Bolsheviks 
Eduard Bernstein  
Marxism 
The Communist Manifesto 
SPD 
Jane Addams 
AFL 
What Is to Be Done?  
Fabians 
pogroms 
natural selection  
relativity 
Duma 
revisionism 
suffragettes 




Chapter 25:  Latin America

 

Independence Without Revolution:

How did the absence of a social revolution affect Latin America after independence?

What did and did not change in Latin America after independence?

Understand the sociopolitical power of the elite

Understand the economic conditions that have historically plagued Latin America

Know the importance of liberalism in Latin American thought

   

 Economy of Dependence: 

What was the economy of dependence?

Know the central role of raw material exports in the Latin American economy

Understand the role of foreign investment

Look over the course of industrialization in Latin America

   

 Search for Political Stability: 

Who were the caudillos?

What were the lingering effects of colonial monarchies

Understand the power of the caudillos 

   

 Three National Histories: 

Why are the histories of Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil so different in spite of these nations’ commonalities?

Know the histories of Argentina, Mexico, and Brazil from independence to the 1940s

What were the themes that emerge in comparing and contrasting these national histories

Creole

Perónism

Semana Trágica   

La Reforma   

Latifundia                       

Nacionalismo 

Porfirio Díaz                       

Integralism

Debt Peonage              

“Order and Progress”

Caudillos           

Antonio López de Santa Anna 

“Scientific” Racism

Emiliano Zapata

Bernardino Rivadavia 

Estado Novo

Dependency Theory   

Mestizos               

Import Substitution 

Neocolonial Economy

Mulattos          

 Pampas

Positivism

PRI 

Hacienda System

Pedro II

Getulio Vargas

Benito Juarez

Juan Manuel de Rosas

Poncho Villa

Chapter 26 Review

INDIA, ISLAMIC HEARTLAND AND AFRICA

THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE

British Dominance and Colonial Rule: 

·         How did British rule affect India? 

·         Know the variety of methods used by the British to gain control over India 

·         What was the Mutiny of 1857, and what was its historical significance? 

·         Understand the relationships between the British and their Indian subjects 

 From British Crown Raj to Independence: 

·         What role did Gandhi play in ending British rule in India? 

·         Know the changes in the relationship between the British and their Indian subjects after 1857 

·         In what ways did Indians resisted British rule? 

·         What were the major political movements for Indian independence and who were the leaders of each? 

·         Understand Gandhi’s concept of svarāj 

·         What were the divisions within Indian society that hampered unified resistance to the British? 

   

 THE ISLAMIC EXPERIENCE 

 Islamic Responses to Declining Power and Independence: 

·         Why did Islamic reform movements arise during the eighteenth century? 

·         Know the reasons for the decline of Islamic preeminence 

·         Understand the debates among Islamic leaders about how to respond to emerging Western dominance 

·         What was the ideology of the Wahhabis? 

Western Political and Economic Encroachment: 

·         Why is the invasion of Egypt by Napoleon’s army in 1798 symbolically important? 

·         How did Western powers gain economic and political power within the Islamic empire? 

·         What was the historical significance of Napoleon’s invasion of Egypt? 

·         How did Western influences impact Iran 

·         Know how government opponents resisted the Qajar Shah’s cooperation with the British and how this resistance affected Iranian society 

   

Islamic Responses to Foreign Encroachment: 

·         What were three typical Islamic reactions to Western encroachment? 

·         What was the success of Islamic efforts to emulate Western ideas and institutions? 

·         How did some Islamic leaders attempted to integrate Western and Islamic ideas 

·         Know how women became involved in the Islamic reform movements of the late 1800s and early 1900s and what they did 

·         What were the ideologies of the leaders who wished to purify or revive Islam in the face of Western intervention? 

·         Know the rise of nationalist movements in the Islamic world 

 THE AFRICAN EXPERIENCE 

·         New Power Centers and Islamic Reform Movements 

·         What was the mfecane? 

·         Define the mfecane, and explain the reasons for its occurrence 

·         Describe the economic developments in East and Central Africa during the 1800s 

·         Explain the consequences of the decline of the slave trade in West Africa during the 1800s 

·         Describe the jihad movements that spread across Africa during the nineteenth century 

·         Explain the ideology of Usman Dan Fodio 

Patterns in European Colonization and African Resistance 

·         How did Africans resist European colonialism? 

·         Explain the consequences of increased European intervention in Africa 

·         Describe the motivations of European explorers of Africa 

·         Contrast the trends in relationships between missionaries and native Africans with those between explorers and native Africans 

·         Describe the reasons for increased European involvement in Africa after 1880 

·         Evaluate the nature of European colonial rule over Africa 

·         Describe the roles African leaders played in colonial rule 

·         Explain and evaluate the methods of African resistance to European rule 

 The Rise of African Nationalism 

·         How did artificial colonial boundaries become important to postindependence Africa? 

·         Explain the factors that led to the rise of African nationalism 

·         Describe some of the factors that worked against the rise of African nationalism 

·         Explain the ideological origins of critiques of Western treatment of African colonies 

Modernity                       

Atatürk

Mahdi 

Mohandas K. Gandhi

Shaka

Ram Mohan Roy

Tanzimat

Muhammad Iqbal

Jihad   

Raj  

Boers 

Scramble for Africa 

Pashas

Revolt of 1857

mfecane

East India Company 

Cantonments

 bazaari  

 svarāj 

Indian National Congress

al-Afghani

Great Trek

Mau Mau 

Negritude

pan-Islamism 

indirect rule   

mujtahid 

Wahhabis