FINAL  EXAMINATION  REVIEW:

FINAL EXAMINATION REVIEW

This examination will be formatted like the first two exams.  50 questions.  You will need to bring a pencil and scantron.

CHAPTER 23 – POLITICAL CONSOLIDATION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
 The Emergence of Nationalism and Liberalism in Europe: 

·         What is nationalism? 

·         Understand the role of nationalism as both a positive and negative force in nineteenth-century Europe 

·         What problems did nationalism created in different areas of Europe? 

·         What were the basic goals of European liberals? 

·         What was liberalism, and what was its meaning in the context of nineteenth-century European politics and economics?
Understand the relationship between liberalism and nationalism and its impact on modern world history 

·         What efforts were undertaken to Liberalize Early-Nineteenth-Century European Political Structures?  Why were efforts to achieve political liberalism more successful in France and Britain than in Russia? 

·         France had a tumultuous time from 1815 to the mid-1830s. Know the major events and revolutions France faced during this time period.  

·         What were the results of the revolutions in Russia in 1825 and France in 1830 

·         What events occurred when Nicholas I ascended the throne in Russia?  What was the “Decembrist Revolt” of 1825?  How did it shape Russian history?  

·         Know the process of political liberalization in Britain and the importance of the Great Reform Bill.  How did Great Britain try to maintain the conservative order throughout the period from 1815 to 1832?  What were the Corn Laws and the Peterloo Incident?  What was the “Great Reform” of 1832?  

·         What were the major issues facing Great Britain after 1860?  How did the solutions Britain found to these problems contribute to the increase in Democracy in Great Britain?  Be able to discuss the reform measures of Gladestone and Disraeli.  Know what the Irish question was and how it was dealt with in Britain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 

·         1848 was a year of revolution across Europe.  What were the general causes of these upheavals?  Know the issues involved in the French, Italian, Austrian and German Revolutions.  Also be able to compare and contrast these revolutions with each other.  What were their unique qualities?  How did Nationalism, Liberalism and Conservatism play out in these revolutions?  Why did they all ultimately fail?  

·         Know the impact of the European revolutions of 1848 on the progress of political liberalism in the later nineteenth century 

 Testing the New American Republic: 

·         What were the causes of the American Civil War? 

·         Know the impact of the institution of slavery on American politics in the nineteenth century 

·         Understand the results of the American Civil War on the social and economic systems in the United States 

 The Canadian Experience: 

·         How did Canada achieve united self-government? 

·         What was the process by which Canada achieved self-government? 

·         Understand the differences between Canada and the United States in the mid-nineteenth century 

 Midcentury Political Consolidation in Europe: 

·         What were the steps that led to Italian and German unification? 

·         Be able to discuss the unification of Italy in the late 1850s and early 1860s. 

·         Be able to discuss the dominance of Prussia and Bismarck and the role both played in the unification of Germany in the 1860s, culminating with the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871. 

·         What were the causes and results of the Crimean War?  Why was the Crimean War such a pivotal event?  How did that set the international stage for the changed that occurred in Europe between 1850 and 1900. 

·         Know the process of national unification in Italy and Germany 

 Unrest of Nationalities in Eastern Europe: 

·         How did nationalism affect the Habsburg Empire? 

·         Explain the national problems faced by the Habsburg (Austrian) Empire 

·         Austria also went through change after its loss to Prussia.  How did the "Dual Monarchy" come into being?  Did this solve Austria’s problems or create more?   What is meant by the term Ausgleich (1867), and what is its significance? 

·         Racial Theory and Anti-Semitism 

·         How did racial theory influence anti-Semitism? 

·         Define anti-Semitism, and explain its origins 

·         Explain the impact of anti-Semitism on nineteenth-century European culture 

TERMS:
 Louis Philippe 
 nationalism
 Four Ordinances 
 Louis Napoleon 
 “rotten” boroughs 
 Decembrist Revolt 
  Nicholas I 
 July Monarchy 
anti-Semitism 
 Compromise of 1867 
 Home Rule 
 liberalism 
 Ausgleich 
 William Lloyd Garrison 
 Camillo Cavour 
 Chartism 
 Zionism 
 Great Reform Bill 

  
CHAPTER 24 - NORTHERN TRANSATLANTIC ECONOMY AND SOCIETY, 1815–1914
European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans: 

·         Know how the Industrial Revolution spread across the mainland of Europe. In what ways did the Railroad facilitate the Industrial Revolution in Europe 

·         Be able to describe the ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed European Society. How did life change? What were some of the demographic changes discussed in the text as well as in class? 

·         Know the trends in population and demographics during the latter decades of the 19th Century.  What led to these demographic trends? 

·         What is proletarianization?  Know the meaning of the term proletarianization as it applied to later-nineteenth-century workers and businesses 

·         Know the ways in which changes in markets affected artisans and craft organizations 

·         The working class Proletariat developed during this time.  Know what conditions were like among the working classes?  i.e. their lifestyle, values, mores, living conditions, working conditions.  How were women and children affected by the development of the Proletariat/Industrial Society? 

·         Understand what led to the rise in crime and efforts to combat this. 

·         What was the Middle Class (Bourgeoisie)?  Be able to describe their lifestyles, values, mores and ideals.

·         What role did “Classical Economics” play in the development of European society between 1832 and 1850? Who were some of the Classical Economic philosophers and what did they advocate? How and why was the Middle Class able to use Classical Economics to their justification?  

 Nineteenth-Century European Women: 

·         What social and legal disabilities did European women confront in the nineteenth century? 

·         Understand the impact of the industrial economy on the home and family lives of women 

·         What were the legal and social disabilities that affected most nineteenth-century European women?

·         What issues did women face during the late 19th Century?  What gains did women make?  What were the differences between working class women and middle class women?  

·         Understand the rise of a political feminist movement in response to women’s situation. 

 Jewish Emancipation: 

·         How did emancipation affect Jewish life in Europe outside of Russia? 

·         Know the process of Jewish emancipation in nineteenth-century Europe 

·         Understand the threats to their improved status that Jews began to face from the 1870s onward 

 European Labor, Socialism, and Politics to World War I: 

·         Why did Marxism become so influential among European socialists? 

·         Why did European workers turned to trade unions and political participation after the Revolutions of 1848?

·         Socialism arose as a response to the rise of the Industrial Society and Classical Economic theory. Know the variations of Socialism including the one discussed in your text?  i.e. Utopian Socialism, Anarchism and Marxism  

·         What were the main points of Marxist socialism? 

·         What was the impact of socialism in British and Germany politics? 

·         Know the development of the Bolshevik party in Russia 

 North America and the New Industrial Economy: 

·         How did industrialization in the United States differ from industrialization in Europe? 

·         What was the importance of European investment and immigration in North America’s industrial economy? 

·         Know the impact of labor unions and the limited appeal of socialism in American labor 

·         Understand what led to the rise of the Progressive Movement as a response to American political and economic problems 

 The Emergence of Modern European Thought: 

·         Who were some of the intellectuals at the forefront of modern European thought? 

·         What were the basic ideas promoted by Charles Darwin and their interpretations and impact? 

·         Understand the major advances in late-nineteenth-century physics 

·         What were Freud’s contributions to psychiatry?

·         Know Nietzsche and the Übermensch. 

 Islam and Late-Nineteenth-Century European Thought: 

·         What were some influential views on the relationship between Islam and the West? 

·         What difficulties did European thinkers had in understanding Islam and its role in the modern world? 

·         What were the Islamic responses to Western criticism of Islam? 

TERMS:
Emmeline Pankhurst 
proletarianization 
“Square Deal” 
Mensheviks 
soviets 
Bolsheviks 
Eduard Bernstein 
Marxism 
The Communist Manifesto 
SPD 
Jane Addams 
AFL 
What Is to Be Done?  
Fabians 
pogroms 
natural selection  
relativity 
Duma 
revisionism 
suffragettes