examination 2 review:
CHAPTER 22 – REVOLUTIONS IN THE TRANSATLANTIC WORLD
Revolution in the British Colonies in North America:
· What was radical about the American Revolution?
· Know the problems Britain faced after the Treaty of Paris in 1763
· Understand the British actions and American responses that created increasing tensions between Britain and its North American colonies
· Know how a debate over British policies escalated into open war
· What were the results of the American Revolution in the wider context of European affairs before and after 1776?
Revolution in France:
· How did the French Revolution and Napoleon transform France’s government and society?
· What crisis did the French monarch face in 1789? What were the underlying conditions? What were the immediate causes?
· Why did Louis XVI convene the Estates General? What issues did the Delegate have to solve before they could do anything? What groups made up the Estates General?
· Know the main phases of the French Revolution.
· What led to the formation of the National Assembly? Who were the leaders? What did this body seek?
· What led to the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens? Why is this document important?
· How did the Revolution reconstruct society in France? Look for political, social, ecclesiastic, etc. Who were the Jacobins, Girondins, Mountain?
· What issues led to France's involvement in foreign wars in 1792? How did the Declaration of Pillnitz tie into this? What were the results of this involvement in foreign wars?
· Why did the Revolution become radical in 1792? How did the monarchy end? What role did the sans-culottes play in the radicalization process? How did the Jacobins came to power in 1792 and how did their rule affected France and Europe
· What was the “Republic or Virtue” and how was it governed? What role did the “Committee of Public Safety” play? What was responsible for the "Reign of Terror"
· Know what the Thermidorian Reaction was. What were the "Bands of Jesus"? What was the Directory and was it stable and successful?
The Napoleonic Era:
· How did Napoleon come to power in France in 1799?
· Know what Napoleon's domestic reforms entailed? i.e. Code Napoleon, Concordat with the Catholic Church, Educational Reforms, and Administrative Reforms.
· How does Napoleon go about building a French Empire? What was the circumstances surrounding Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of France?
· What was the Continental System? Why did Napoleon impose it upon Europe? How did it affect Napoleon's overall strategy? How did it affect the rest of Europe.
· Why did Napoleon invade Spain in 1808 and why was this a failure?
· Why did Napoleon invade Russia in 1812 and why was this a failure?
· How was Napoleon defeated in 1814 and again in 1815? What were the "100 Days?"
· What was the Congress of Vienna? What issues were the delegates trying to solve? Who were the main delegates? What were the attitudes of the delegates? How was Europe reorganized? Was it a true Restoration? What was the concept of “Legitimacy” and how was it interpreted? How were the delegates at Vienna able to create a system that would keep peace in Europe for 99 years? What is the significance of the Congress of Vienna in settling the problems created by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
Wars of Independence in Latin America:
· Why did Latin American nations reject Spanish and Portuguese rule?
· How did European events prepare the ground for Latin American independence?
· Know the major features of the Latin American wars of Independence? Who were the main leaders and what did they accomplish?
· Know the roles of San Martín and Bolívar in leading independence movements.
· Understand how the Brazilian path to independence differed from that of other Latin American states.
Toward the Abolition of Slavery in the Transatlantic Economy:
· Why did slavery become unacceptable in Western society?
· Know the factors that led to the abolition of slavery in the Americas by the 1880s.
· What was the role of religious opposition in the abolition of slavery?
· Understand why, despite the ending of the slave trade, slavery persisted in areas of the Americas such as the United States, Cuba, and Brazil
TERMS:
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Girondists
sans-culottes
Great Fear
Robespierre
Stamp Act
Simón Bolívar
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
José de San Martín
Napoleonic Code
Battle of Waterloo
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Hundred Days
Boston Massacre
Tennis Court Oath
Reign of Terror
Continental System
Thermidorean Reaction
Congress of Vienna
Consulate
levée en masse
Assignats
Jacobins
Third Estate
POWERPOINT OUTLINES :
CHAPTER 23 – POLITICAL CONSOLIDATION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
The Emergence of Nationalism and Liberalism in Europe:
· What is nationalism?
· Understand the role of nationalism as both a positive and negative force in nineteenth-century Europe
· What problems did nationalism created in different areas of Europe?
· What were the basic goals of European liberals?
· What was liberalism, and what was its meaning in the context of nineteenth-century European politics and economics?
Understand the relationship between liberalism and nationalism and its impact on modern world history
· What efforts were undertaken to Liberalize Early-Nineteenth-Century European Political Structures? Why were efforts to achieve political liberalism more successful in France and Britain than in Russia?
· France had a tumultuous time from 1815 to the mid-1830s. Know the major events and revolutions France faced during this time period.
· What were the results of the revolutions in Russia in 1825 and France in 1830
· What events occurred when Nicholas I ascended the throne in Russia? What was the “Decembrist Revolt” of 1825? How did it shape Russian history?
· Know the process of political liberalization in Britain and the importance of the Great Reform Bill. How did Great Britain try to maintain the conservative order throughout the period from 1815 to 1832? What were the Corn Laws and the Peterloo Incident? What was the “Great Reform” of 1832?
· What were the major issues facing Great Britain after 1860? How did the solutions Britain found to these problems contribute to the increase in Democracy in Great Britain? Be able to discuss the reform measures of Gladestone and Disraeli. Know what the Irish question was and how it was dealt with in Britain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
· 1848 was a year of revolution across Europe. What were the general causes of these upheavals? Know the issues involved in the French, Italian, Austrian and German Revolutions. Also be able to compare and contrast these revolutions with each other. What were their unique qualities? How did Nationalism, Liberalism and Conservatism play out in these revolutions? Why did they all ultimately fail?
· Know the impact of the European revolutions of 1848 on the progress of political liberalism in the later nineteenth century
Testing the New American Republic:
· What were the causes of the American Civil War?
· Know the impact of the institution of slavery on American politics in the nineteenth century
· Understand the results of the American Civil War on the social and economic systems in the United States
The Canadian Experience:
· How did Canada achieve united self-government?
· What was the process by which Canada achieved self-government?
· Understand the differences between Canada and the United States in the mid-nineteenth century
Midcentury Political Consolidation in Europe:
· What were the steps that led to Italian and German unification?
· Be able to discuss the unification of Italy in the late 1850s and early 1860s.
· Be able to discuss the dominance of Prussia and Bismarck and the role both played in the unification of Germany in the 1860s, culminating with the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
· What were the causes and results of the Crimean War? Why was the Crimean War such a pivotal event? How did that set the international stage for the changed that occurred in Europe between 1850 and 1900.
· Know the process of national unification in Italy and Germany
Unrest of Nationalities in Eastern Europe:
· How did nationalism affect the Habsburg Empire?
· Explain the national problems faced by the Habsburg (Austrian) Empire
· Austria also went through change after its loss to Prussia. How did the "Dual Monarchy" come into being? Did this solve Austria’s problems or create more? What is meant by the term Ausgleich (1867), and what is its significance?
· Racial Theory and Anti-Semitism
· How did racial theory influence anti-Semitism?
· Define anti-Semitism, and explain its origins
· Explain the impact of anti-Semitism on nineteenth-century European culture
TERMS:
Louis Philippe
nationalism
Four Ordinances
Louis Napoleon
“rotten” boroughs
Decembrist Revolt
Nicholas I
July Monarchy
anti-Semitism
Compromise of 1867
Home Rule
liberalism
Ausgleich
William Lloyd Garrison
Camillo Cavour
Chartism
Zionism
Great Reform Bill
POWERPOINT OUTLINES :
CHAPTER 24 - NORTHERN TRANSATLANTIC ECONOMY AND SOCIETY, 1815–1914
European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans:
TERMS:
Emmeline Pankhurst
proletarianization
“Square Deal”
Mensheviks
soviets
Bolsheviks
Eduard Bernstein
Marxism
The Communist Manifesto
SPD
Jane Addams
AFL
What Is to Be Done?
Duma
Fabians
pogroms
natural selection
relativity
Duma
revisionism
suffragettes
Chapter 24 PowerPoint Outlines:
Revolution in the British Colonies in North America:
· What was radical about the American Revolution?
· Know the problems Britain faced after the Treaty of Paris in 1763
· Understand the British actions and American responses that created increasing tensions between Britain and its North American colonies
· Know how a debate over British policies escalated into open war
· What were the results of the American Revolution in the wider context of European affairs before and after 1776?
Revolution in France:
· How did the French Revolution and Napoleon transform France’s government and society?
· What crisis did the French monarch face in 1789? What were the underlying conditions? What were the immediate causes?
· Why did Louis XVI convene the Estates General? What issues did the Delegate have to solve before they could do anything? What groups made up the Estates General?
· Know the main phases of the French Revolution.
· What led to the formation of the National Assembly? Who were the leaders? What did this body seek?
· What led to the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizens? Why is this document important?
· How did the Revolution reconstruct society in France? Look for political, social, ecclesiastic, etc. Who were the Jacobins, Girondins, Mountain?
· What issues led to France's involvement in foreign wars in 1792? How did the Declaration of Pillnitz tie into this? What were the results of this involvement in foreign wars?
· Why did the Revolution become radical in 1792? How did the monarchy end? What role did the sans-culottes play in the radicalization process? How did the Jacobins came to power in 1792 and how did their rule affected France and Europe
· What was the “Republic or Virtue” and how was it governed? What role did the “Committee of Public Safety” play? What was responsible for the "Reign of Terror"
· Know what the Thermidorian Reaction was. What were the "Bands of Jesus"? What was the Directory and was it stable and successful?
The Napoleonic Era:
· How did Napoleon come to power in France in 1799?
· Know what Napoleon's domestic reforms entailed? i.e. Code Napoleon, Concordat with the Catholic Church, Educational Reforms, and Administrative Reforms.
· How does Napoleon go about building a French Empire? What was the circumstances surrounding Napoleon's coronation as Emperor of France?
· What was the Continental System? Why did Napoleon impose it upon Europe? How did it affect Napoleon's overall strategy? How did it affect the rest of Europe.
· Why did Napoleon invade Spain in 1808 and why was this a failure?
· Why did Napoleon invade Russia in 1812 and why was this a failure?
· How was Napoleon defeated in 1814 and again in 1815? What were the "100 Days?"
· What was the Congress of Vienna? What issues were the delegates trying to solve? Who were the main delegates? What were the attitudes of the delegates? How was Europe reorganized? Was it a true Restoration? What was the concept of “Legitimacy” and how was it interpreted? How were the delegates at Vienna able to create a system that would keep peace in Europe for 99 years? What is the significance of the Congress of Vienna in settling the problems created by the French Revolution and Napoleonic Wars.
Wars of Independence in Latin America:
· Why did Latin American nations reject Spanish and Portuguese rule?
· How did European events prepare the ground for Latin American independence?
· Know the major features of the Latin American wars of Independence? Who were the main leaders and what did they accomplish?
· Know the roles of San Martín and Bolívar in leading independence movements.
· Understand how the Brazilian path to independence differed from that of other Latin American states.
Toward the Abolition of Slavery in the Transatlantic Economy:
· Why did slavery become unacceptable in Western society?
· Know the factors that led to the abolition of slavery in the Americas by the 1880s.
· What was the role of religious opposition in the abolition of slavery?
· Understand why, despite the ending of the slave trade, slavery persisted in areas of the Americas such as the United States, Cuba, and Brazil
TERMS:
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Girondists
sans-culottes
Great Fear
Robespierre
Stamp Act
Simón Bolívar
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
José de San Martín
Napoleonic Code
Battle of Waterloo
Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
The Hundred Days
Boston Massacre
Tennis Court Oath
Reign of Terror
Continental System
Thermidorean Reaction
Congress of Vienna
Consulate
levée en masse
Assignats
Jacobins
Third Estate
POWERPOINT OUTLINES :
CHAPTER 23 – POLITICAL CONSOLIDATION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
The Emergence of Nationalism and Liberalism in Europe:
· What is nationalism?
· Understand the role of nationalism as both a positive and negative force in nineteenth-century Europe
· What problems did nationalism created in different areas of Europe?
· What were the basic goals of European liberals?
· What was liberalism, and what was its meaning in the context of nineteenth-century European politics and economics?
Understand the relationship between liberalism and nationalism and its impact on modern world history
· What efforts were undertaken to Liberalize Early-Nineteenth-Century European Political Structures? Why were efforts to achieve political liberalism more successful in France and Britain than in Russia?
· France had a tumultuous time from 1815 to the mid-1830s. Know the major events and revolutions France faced during this time period.
· What were the results of the revolutions in Russia in 1825 and France in 1830
· What events occurred when Nicholas I ascended the throne in Russia? What was the “Decembrist Revolt” of 1825? How did it shape Russian history?
· Know the process of political liberalization in Britain and the importance of the Great Reform Bill. How did Great Britain try to maintain the conservative order throughout the period from 1815 to 1832? What were the Corn Laws and the Peterloo Incident? What was the “Great Reform” of 1832?
· What were the major issues facing Great Britain after 1860? How did the solutions Britain found to these problems contribute to the increase in Democracy in Great Britain? Be able to discuss the reform measures of Gladestone and Disraeli. Know what the Irish question was and how it was dealt with in Britain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
· 1848 was a year of revolution across Europe. What were the general causes of these upheavals? Know the issues involved in the French, Italian, Austrian and German Revolutions. Also be able to compare and contrast these revolutions with each other. What were their unique qualities? How did Nationalism, Liberalism and Conservatism play out in these revolutions? Why did they all ultimately fail?
· Know the impact of the European revolutions of 1848 on the progress of political liberalism in the later nineteenth century
Testing the New American Republic:
· What were the causes of the American Civil War?
· Know the impact of the institution of slavery on American politics in the nineteenth century
· Understand the results of the American Civil War on the social and economic systems in the United States
The Canadian Experience:
· How did Canada achieve united self-government?
· What was the process by which Canada achieved self-government?
· Understand the differences between Canada and the United States in the mid-nineteenth century
Midcentury Political Consolidation in Europe:
· What were the steps that led to Italian and German unification?
· Be able to discuss the unification of Italy in the late 1850s and early 1860s.
· Be able to discuss the dominance of Prussia and Bismarck and the role both played in the unification of Germany in the 1860s, culminating with the proclamation of the German Empire in 1871.
· What were the causes and results of the Crimean War? Why was the Crimean War such a pivotal event? How did that set the international stage for the changed that occurred in Europe between 1850 and 1900.
· Know the process of national unification in Italy and Germany
Unrest of Nationalities in Eastern Europe:
· How did nationalism affect the Habsburg Empire?
· Explain the national problems faced by the Habsburg (Austrian) Empire
· Austria also went through change after its loss to Prussia. How did the "Dual Monarchy" come into being? Did this solve Austria’s problems or create more? What is meant by the term Ausgleich (1867), and what is its significance?
· Racial Theory and Anti-Semitism
· How did racial theory influence anti-Semitism?
· Define anti-Semitism, and explain its origins
· Explain the impact of anti-Semitism on nineteenth-century European culture
TERMS:
Louis Philippe
nationalism
Four Ordinances
Louis Napoleon
“rotten” boroughs
Decembrist Revolt
Nicholas I
July Monarchy
anti-Semitism
Compromise of 1867
Home Rule
liberalism
Ausgleich
William Lloyd Garrison
Camillo Cavour
Chartism
Zionism
Great Reform Bill
POWERPOINT OUTLINES :
CHAPTER 24 - NORTHERN TRANSATLANTIC ECONOMY AND SOCIETY, 1815–1914
European Factory Workers and Urban Artisans:
- Know how the Industrial Revolution spread across the mainland of Europe. In what ways did the Railroad facilitate the Industrial Revolution in Europe
- Be able to describe the ways in which the Industrial Revolution changed European Society. How did life change? What were some of the demographic changes discussed in the text as well as in class?
- Know the trends in population and demographics during the latter decades of the 19th Century. What led to these demographic trends?
- What is proletarianization? Know the meaning of the term proletarianization as it applied to later-nineteenth-century workers and businesses
- Know the ways in which changes in markets affected artisans and craft organizations
- The working class Proletariat developed during this time. Know what conditions were like among the working classes? i.e. their lifestyle, values, mores, living conditions, working conditions. How were women and children affected by the development of the Proletariat/Industrial Society?
- Understand what led to the rise in crime and efforts to combat this.
- What was the Middle Class (Bourgeoisie)? Be able to describe their lifestyles, values, mores and ideals.
- What role did “Classical Economics” play in the development of European society between 1832 and 1850? Who were some of the Classical Economic philosophers and what did they advocate? How and why was the Middle Class able to use Classical Economics to their justification?
- What social and legal disabilities did European women confront in the nineteenth century?
- Understand the impact of the industrial economy on the home and family lives of women
- What were the legal and social disabilities that affected most nineteenth-century European women?
- What issues did women face during the late 19th Century? What gains did women make? What were the differences between working class women and middle class women?
- Understand the rise of a political feminist movement in response to women’s situation.
- How did emancipation affect Jewish life in Europe outside of Russia?
- Know the process of Jewish emancipation in nineteenth-century Europe
- Understand the threats to their improved status that Jews began to face from the 1870s onward
- Why did Marxism become so influential among European socialists?
- Why did European workers turned to trade unions and political participation after the Revolutions of 1848?
- Socialism arose as a response to the rise of the Industrial Society and Classical Economic theory. Know the variations of Socialism including the one discussed in your text? i.e. Utopian Socialism, Anarchism and Marxism
- What were the main points of Marxist socialism?
- What was the impact of socialism in British and Germany politics?
- Know the development of the Bolshevik party in Russia
- How did industrialization in the United States differ from industrialization in Europe?
- What was the importance of European investment and immigration in North America’s industrial economy?
- Know the impact of labor unions and the limited appeal of socialism in American labor
- Understand what led to the rise of the Progressive Movement as a response to American political and economic problems
- Who were some of the intellectuals at the forefront of modern European thought?
- What were the basic ideas promoted by Charles Darwin and their interpretations and impact?
- Understand the major advances in late-nineteenth-century physics
- What were Freud’s contributions to psychiatry?
- Know Nietzsche and the Übermensch.
- What were some influential views on the relationship between Islam and the West?
- What difficulties did European thinkers had in understanding Islam and its role in the modern world?
- What were the Islamic responses to Western criticism of Islam?
TERMS:
Emmeline Pankhurst
proletarianization
“Square Deal”
Mensheviks
soviets
Bolsheviks
Eduard Bernstein
Marxism
The Communist Manifesto
SPD
Jane Addams
AFL
What Is to Be Done?
Duma
Fabians
pogroms
natural selection
relativity
Duma
revisionism
suffragettes
Chapter 24 PowerPoint Outlines:
