EXAMINATION  2  REVIEW:

CHAPTER 20:
​Chapter 20 PPT Outline:

The Ottoman Empire and the East Mediterranean World:

·         Why did the Ottoman Empire find it increasingly difficult to compete with European powers?

·         Know the origins and the history of the Ottoman Empire.  Who were some of the important rulers of the Ottoman Empire?  What did the Ottomans conquer?  What made them so powerful?  What contributed to their decline?

·         Describe the structure of the Ottoman state

·         Describe Ottoman culture

The Safavid Empire and the West Asian World:

·         What role did Shi’ite ideology play in the Safavid Empire?

·         Know what led to the rise and decline of the Safavid dynasty.  Who were some of the important Safavid rulers and what did they accomplish?  How did relations with their neighbors affect them?  What was the impact of the Europeans on Safavid culture and economy?

·         What was the impact of the Safavids on future Iranian history

·         Know the important aspects of Safavid culture

The Mughals:

·         What role did religious intolerance play in the decline of the Mughal Empire?

·         Summarize the chronology of Mughal leadership

·         Discuss rivals to Mughal leadership in India

·         Summarize developments in Indian religion during this period

Also, be sure to look over the following:

Central Asia: Islamization in the Post-Timur Era:

·         What were the most important Islamic states in central and southern Asia?

·         What were the factors that led to the isolation of the Islamic population in Central Asia

·         Understand the global effects of the Shi’ite-Sunni rift

Power Shifts in the Southern Oceans:

·         How did the arrival of Europeans affect maritime trade in Southeast Asia?

·         Be familiar with the chronology of dominant traders in the southern seas

·         What was the role of Muslim traders and Islamic faith in southern-seas cultures?

TERMS:

Mehmed II

Istanbul

Selim I

Shari’a

Grand Mufti

Devshirme

Janissaries

Süleyman

Sufi

Qizilbash

Shah Isma’il

Shi’ites

Sunni

Shah Abbas I

Ulama

Mughals

Akbar

Shah Jahan

Agra

Divine Faith

Taj Mahal

Acheh

Abode of Islam

 

CHAPTER 21:
Chapter 21 PPT Outline:

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND THOUGHT:

  • What brought about the "Scientific Revolution"?
  • Who were the major figures in the Scientific Revolution and what did the contribute to scientific progress?
  • Understand the principles behind Bacon's and Descartes' approaches to scientific research
  • Sir Isaac Newton: What did he contribute to the Scientific Revolution?
  • What role did "Rational" play in science and philosophy?--How did views of God and the Universe change?
  • Who were the major political thinkers and literary figures of the time? How were they affected by "rational thought"?
  • What brought about the "Witch-Hunts" and how did that compare to the scientific revolution? How did the Witch-Hunts come to an end.
  • What was the Enlightenment? How was it different than from past philosophical movements? Where was the stress of the Enlightened thought?
The Enlightenment:

  • What were the antecedents of the Enlightenment? What role did Newton and Locke play in the development of the Enlightenment?
  • The Enlightenment movement centered around Paris. What was going on in Paris/France that facilitated the Enlightenment movement?
  • What is meant by the term Philosophes? What did the Philosophes advocate?
  • Know the works of Voltaire, Montesqueiu, Diderot and Rousseau. How did their works affect the philosophy of governments? Be able to compare and contrast their works. Did they build on each other or were they opposed to each other?
  • Understand "Deism". How did the Philosophes feel about religious questions? Why would they chose a religious philosophy such as Deism? How did they explain the workings of God? Who were the proponents of Deism? How do the works of Lessing, Voltaire and Hume fit into the discussion of Deism? Why was tolerance an important aspect of Deism?
  • Know the economic theory advocated by Adam Smith in The Wealth of Nations. How does this differ from Mercantilism? What is the "Invisible Hand" that was touted by Smith. Did it alleviate poverty?
  • What was the role of women in the Enlightenment? How did they facilitate the spread of Enlightened ideas?
  • Know what the term "Enlightened Absolutism" means. Your text refers to three monarchs who were "enlightened". These include Frederick the Great of Prussia, Joseph II of Austria and Catherine II (the Great) of Russia. In what ways were these monarchs enlightened. What ways were they not enlightened. Do you think they were enlightened or not?
  • The end of the 18th century saw some changes in Eastern Europe. These include the Partition of Poland. Understand why Poland was dismembered and what the results were.
Terms:

Deism

Philosophes

Enlightenment

Ptolemaic System

Geo-centric

Helio-centric

Laissez-Faire

Scientific Revolution

Enlightened Absolutism

Frederick the Great of Prussia

Joseph II of Austria

Catherine the Great of Russia

Copernicus

Kepler

Galileo

Francis Bacon

Isaac Newton

John Locke

Margaret Cavendish

Voltaire

The Encyclopedia

Montesquieu

Rousseau

René Decartes