examination  review  1:  Chapters 18-20

​This will be your first examination of the semester and the first one you will take from me.  To begin with, I wish you the very best of luck on it.  There are several things that I think will help you prepare for this examination.  The examination will be all multiple choice.  There will be 50 questions worth 2 points each.
 
The examination will cover chapters 18, 19, and 20.  Read and review these chapters in your text.  Pay attention to the section at the beginning of the chapters, “Key Topics” and also look over the chapter synopsis.  This will give you a good idea of where the chapter is going.  Since this is a university level course, I will be expecting you to study the historical concepts.  You will probably wonder if dates are important.  My answer is to study the historical concepts (what, why, how, who, results, etc) and use dates to enhance your answers by putting the concepts into their historical and chronological context.
 
Be sure that you study over the terms at the end of each chapter of your text.
​
The following is a chapter by chapter breakdown of topics and pertinent concepts:
 
CHAPTER 18:

• Late Imperial China: Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1644–1911) Dynasties:
• Where did China expand under the Qing?
• Know the political history of Ming and Qing China
• Where did the Ming come from?
• Who were the Qing and where did they come from?
• Understand the demographic trends in both Ming and Qing China
• Know the economic developments of both Ming and Qing China
• What were women’s roles in this period?
• Understand Chinese foreign relations and contact with the West—i.e. Europeans
• What were the cultural achievements of both Ming and Qing China?

 
Japan: Warring States Era (1467–1600):

• What impact did military technology have on Japanese society in this period?
• Know the chronology of the Warring States era
• Understand the social changes in this period, including those influenced by military technology
• What influence did European contact have on Japan?
• Know the early history of Christianity in Japan

 
Japan: Tokugawa Era (1600–1868):

• How was Japanese culture transformed during the Tokugawa era?
• How did the Tokugawa come to power?  What was their influence on Japan?
• Understand the political, economic, and social transformation of seventeenth-century Japan.
• What was the relationship of Tokugawa Japan and the West?  What happened to Christianity in Japan under the Tokugawa?
• Why did Japan isolate itself at this time?
• What was Japanese society like in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
• Understand the adaptation of Confucianism to Japanese society

 
Korea:

• What was Korea’s relationship to China?
• Understand Chinese influences on Korean history
• Know traditional Korean culture

 
Vietnam:

• How did Vietnam expand southward during this time?
• Know the ways in which Vietnam’s history reflects trends in Southeast Asian history
• Know the general political and social history of Vietnam to the nineteenth century

 
TERMS:
1.Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)
2.Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)
3.Third Commercial Revolution
4.Shanxi Banks
5.Foot Binding
6.Ming-Qing Emperors
7.Forbidden Palace
8.Emperor Qianlong
9.Manchus
10.“Late Traditional Era”—Japan
11.“Warring State Era” (1467-1600)
12.Daimyo
13.Foot Soldier Revolution
14.Tokugawa Era
15.Edo
16.Bakufu
17.Nobunaga & Hideyoshi
18.Nō
19.Tokugawa Ieyasu
20.Choson Dynasty
21.Yangban
22.Kabuki
23.“The March South”
 
 
CHAPTER 19:
Constitutionalism/Absolutism:

• Understand the two models of monarchical government which develop during this period in France and England
• What were the major issues faced by James I and Charles I during their reigns?  How did they deal with these issues?  What was their relationship with the Nobility, the common people, Puritans and Parliament?  How did he handle the challenges of the Puritans and Parliament?
• What led to the English Civil War?  What were the issues surrounding the War?  Who won the war and why?  What happened to the monarchy?
• Know what the Puritan Republic was.  Was it popular?  What did it do to England?  Who was the leader?  Why did it collapse?
• How did Charles II come to the throne?  How was he received?  Why did the English eventually come to dislike Charles II?
• Understand the reign of James II. How did it lead to the "Glorious Revolution"?  What were the motives of each party in the Revolution--i.e. James II, Parliament, and William of Orange?  What was the political outcome of the "Glorious Revolution" on English politics and monarchy?
• In comparison, France went the opposite direction--Understand what is meant by “Absolutism” and “Absolute Monarchy.”
• What were the important aspects about the reign of Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu?  What were Richelieu's goals?  How did he try to achieve them?  How did he deal with the Parlements and Nobility?
• How was Louis XIV able to set himself up as the ultimate "Absolute Monarch"?  What role did Versailles play in this?
• How did Louis XIV and Mazarin deal with the Nobility?  What was the Frond and how did that shape Louis' world-view?
• What issues did Louis XIV face?  How did he deal with the Nobility, Huguenots and Foreign Policy?
• What changes are occurring in Europe politically between 1650 and 1750?  What are causing the shifts in international power?
• How did the Romanov (Russia), Hohenzollern (Prussia), and Habsburg (Austria) dynasties develop in their respective countries?  What were their legacies?

 
International Affairs and Diplomacy:

• Know what the "State System" is.  What was the main focus of the State System?  Know that the concept of the state developed from being the territories held be a monarch to seeing itself as its own entity.  What institutions were enhanced by the rise of the State System?  Why was it unstable?
• During the 18th century, there was a series of wars fought between the European powers.
• War of Jenkins's Ear:  How did the war begin?  What was the role of Mercantilism, State System in the war?
• War of Austrian Succession:  How did the war begin?  Who were the major participants?  How did the War of Austrian Succession and the War of Jenkins's Ear merge?  What was the outcome of the war?  What did the Peace of Aachen (Aix-La-Chapelle) accomplish?
• How and Why did the European power rearrange their alliance system in the mid-1750s?
• Seven Years’ War:  How, when and where did the war begin?  How did colonies influence the war?  How did the war spread to Europe?  Who were the main participants?  How was the war fought and by whom?  What did the Peace of Paris-1763 accomplish?

 
Old Regime (Ancien Regime)

• What was the "Ancien Regime" (a.k.a. Old Regime)?
• What were the Major Orders of Classes?  What were they based on?
• What was the Nature of the Nobility?  How did they live?  Did European Nobility vary from Place to Place?  How did the Western Nobility compare to that of Eastern Europe?  What was the Nobility's Relationship to the Peasantry?  What was the Relationship between the Nobility and the Monarchies?
• Be able to identify and describe the urban classes.
• Know about the Peasantry.  What were their conditions in England, France and Eastern Europe?  Know what Family Economy was.
• What were the life patterns like?  Health and Hygiene issues?
• What gave rise to the increase in Europe's population in the 18th century?
• Understand the Agriculture Revolution.  What was “Scientific Farming”?  Who were the important agronomists during the 18th century?  How did farming become “Capitalistic”?

 
Industrialization:

• What was Proto-Industry?  How was transportation improved?  Understand Europe's Commercial Impulses.
• What gave rise to the Industrial Revolution?  Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England (Great Britain)?  Know the basic course of the Industrial Revolution.  What were some of the other developments of the Industrial Revolution?  How did the Steam Engine play into the Industrial Revolution?  Why did the Industrial Revolution not occur on the European mainland until after 1815?

 
TERMS:
1.Absolutism
2.Parliamentary Monarchy
3.Puritans
4.Glorious Revolution
5.Oliver Cromwell
6.William & Mary
7.Louis XIV
8.Versailles
9.Robert Walpole
10.Divine Rights/Kings
11.Peter the Great
12.Boyars
13.Table of Ranks
14.St. Petersburg
15.Pragmatic Sanction
16.Maria Theresa
17.Hohenzollern
18.Junkers
19.Frederick William I
20.Seven-Years War
21.War of Jenkin’s Ear
22.Old Regime
23.Aristocratic Resurgence
24.Family Economy
25.Jethro Tull
26.Agricultural Revolution
27.Enclosure
28.Domestic or Putting-Out system
29.Industrial Revolution
30.Spinning Jenny/ Water Frame
31.Bourgeoisie
32.Ghetto
 
 
CHAPTER 20:
The Ottoman Empire and the East Mediterranean World:

• Why did the Ottoman Empire find it increasingly difficult to compete with European powers?
• Know the origins and the history of the Ottoman Empire.  Who were some of the important rulers of the Ottoman Empire?  What did the Ottomans conquer?  What made them so powerful?  What contributed to their decline?
• Describe the structure of the Ottoman state
• Describe Ottoman culture

 
The Safavid Empire and the West Asian World:

• What role did Shi’ite ideology play in the Safavid Empire?
• Know what led to the rise and decline of the Safavid dynasty. 
• Who were some of the important Safavid rulers and what did they accomplish? 
• How did relations with their neighbors affect them? 
• What was the impact of the Europeans on Safavid culture and economy?
• What was the impact of the Safavids on future Iranian history
• Know the important aspects of Safavid culture

 
The Mughals:

• What role did religious intolerance play in the decline of the Mughal Empire?
• Summarize the chronology of Mughal leadership
• Discuss rivals to Mughal leadership in India
• Summarize developments in Indian religion during this period

 
Also, be sure to look over the following:

• Central Asia: Islamization in the Post-Timur Era:
• What were the most important Islamic states in central and southern Asia?
• What were the factors that led to the isolation of the Islamic population in Central Asia
• Understand the global effects of the Shi’ite-Sunni rift

 
Power Shifts in the Southern Oceans:

• How did the arrival of Europeans affect maritime trade in Southeast Asia?
• Be familiar with the chronology of dominant traders in the southern seas
• What was the role of Muslim traders and Islamic faith in southern-seas cultures?

 
TERMS:
1.Mehmed II
2.Istanbul
3.Selim I
4.Shari’a
5.Grand Mufti
6.Devshirme
7.Janissaries
8.Süleyman
9.Sufi
10.Qizilbash
11.Shah Isma’il
12.Shi’ites
13.Sunni
14.Shah Abbas I
15.Ulama
16.Mughals
17.Akbar
18.Shah Jahan
19.Agra
20.Divine Faith
21.Taj Mahal
22.Acheh
23.Abode of Islam